March 12, 2025 | UR Gate

Sodium Borate (Borax) Na2B4O7.10H2O

Sodium Borate (Borax): Composition, Properties, Reactions, and Everyday Uses

Introduction

Sodium borate, also known as borax, is a crucial chemical compound used in various industrial and household applications. This compound possesses unique properties that make it an effective cleaning agent, a key component in glass and detergent production, and a vital element in chemical and medical industries. In this article, we will explore in detail its chemical composition, properties, reactions, various uses, and essential precautions when handling it.

First: What is Sodium Borate?

Sodium borate is an inorganic chemical compound with the formula Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O, also known as sodium tetraborate decahydrate. It is extracted from natural minerals such as boraxite or synthesized chemically in laboratories. It appears as a white, water-soluble powder with a mildly basic nature, making it ideal for various applications.

Second: Physical and Chemical Properties

Sodium borate possesses several properties that make it useful in many applications:

Third: Chemical Reactions of Sodium Borate

1- Borax Dissociation in Water (Hydrolysis)

Then, the borate ion (B₄O₇²⁻) reacts with water, forming boric acid (H₃BO₃) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻):

2- Reaction with Strong Acids (Boric Acid Formation)

3- Reaction with Alkaline Hydroxides (Formation of Alkaline Borates)

4- Reaction with Metal Oxides (Formation of Metal Borates)

5- Reaction with Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) (Slime Formation)

6- Reaction with Glycerin (Preparation of Organic Borates)

7- Reaction with Molten Metals (As a Fluxing Agent)

Fourth: Everyday and Industrial Uses

1- In Cleaning and Disinfection

Used in laundry detergents to enhance effectiveness.
Cleans hard surfaces such as floors and bathrooms.
Removes bad odors from clothes and carpets.

2- In Chemical and Glass Industries

Integral in glass and porcelain manufacturing.
Used in the production of ceramics and tiles.

3- In Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals

Found in some cosmetics and toothpaste formulations.
Used in certain medical treatments for skin infections and fungi.

4- As a Natural Insecticide

Effectively eliminates ants and cockroaches.
Considered a safer alternative to chemical pesticides.

5- In Toy and Adhesive Manufacturing

Key ingredient in making slime (Slime).
Used in some adhesives and glues.

6- In Water Treatment

Helps in reducing water hardness.

Fifth: Safety and Precautions When Using Borax

🔴 Warnings:

Avoid inhaling its dust to prevent respiratory irritation.
Wear gloves when using it for cleaning to protect the skin from dryness.
Do not apply on open wounds or ingest, as it can be toxic in high doses.
Keep out of reach of children and pets.

Conclusion

Sodium borate (borax) is a highly versatile compound with extensive applications in various industries and daily life. From cleaning and glass manufacturing to cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, it has proven to be an essential and effective component when used correctly. However, necessary precautions should be taken to avoid unwanted side effects.